Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R. Eosin-nigrosin staining procedure. In: Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R, editors. Andrological evaluation of male infertility. Cham: Springer; 2016. p. 73–7. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26797-5_8.

Agarwal A, Sharma R, Gupta S, Finelli R, Parekh N, Panner Selvam MK, Henkel R, Durairajanayagam D, Pompeu C, Madani S, Belo A, Singh N, Covarrubias S, Darbandi S, Sadeghi R, Darbandi M, Vogiatzi P, Boitrelle F, Simopoulou M, Saleh R, Arafa M, Majzoub A, Kandil H, Zini A, Ko E, Alvarez JG, Martinez M, Ramsay J, Jindal S, Busetto GM, Sallam H, Maldonado I, Anagnostopoulou C, Alves MG, Sengupta P, Gilany K, Evenson DP, Lewis SEM, Gosalvez J, Ambar RF, Shah R. Sperm morphology assessment in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: reliable results require focus on standardization, quality control, and training. World J Mens Health. 2022;40(3):347-60. http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210054. PMid:34169687.

Allai L, Druart X, Louanjli N, Contell J, Nasser B, El Amiri B. Improvements of ram semen quality using cactus seed oil during liquid preservation in Tris egg yolk and skim milk based extenders. Small Rumin Res. 2017;151:16-21. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.02.001.

Allai L, Druart X, Terzioğlu P, Louanjli N, Nasser B, Ozturk M, El Amiri B. The addition of Opuntia ficus-indica ethanolic extract to a skimmed milk-based extender impacts ram sperm quality. Vet Med Int. 2023;2023(1):6248890. http://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6248890. PMid:37063479.

Amidi F, Pazhohan A, Shabani Nashtaei M, Khodarahmian M, Nekoonam S. The role of antioxidants in sperm freezing: a review. Cell Tissue Bank. 2016;17(4):745-56. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-016-9566-5. PMid:27342905.

Anderson EF. The cactus family. Portland: Timber Press; 2001. p. 39-42.

Aruwa CE, Amoo SO, Kudanga T. Opuntia (Cactaceae) plant compounds, biological activities and prospects: a comprehensive review. Food Res Int. 2018;112:328-44. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.047. PMid:30131144.

Bang S, Tanga BM, Fang X, Seong G, Saadeldin IM, Qamar AY, Lee S, Kim KJ, Park YJ, Nabeel AHT, Yu IJ, Cooray A, Lee KP, Cho J. Cryopreservation of pig semen using a quercetin-supplemented freezing extender. Life. 2022;12(8):1155. http://doi.org/10.3390/life12081155. PMid:36013334.

Brito CRC, Varela AS Jr, Gheller SMM, Acosta IB, Anciuti AN, Gatti NLS, Corcini CD. High‐speed centrifugation of extender of freeze‐thaw boar semen. Reprod Domest Anim. 2021;56(5):821-5. http://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13915. PMid:33569811.

Broekhuijse MLWJ, Šoštarić E, Feitsma H, Gadella BM. Application of computer-assisted semen analysis to explain variations in pig fertility. J Anim Sci. 2012;90(3):779-89. http://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4311. PMid:22064743.

Bucak MN, Sarıözkan S, Tuncer PB, Sakin F, Ateşşahin A, Kulaksız R, Çevik M. The effect of antioxidants on post-thawed Angora goat (Capra hircus ancryrensis) sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities. Small Rumin Res. 2010;89(1):24-30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.11.015.

Castañeda-Arriaga R, Perez-Gonzalez A, Marino T, Russo N, Galano A. Antioxidants into Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica), important inhibitors of free radicals’ formation. Antioxidants. 2021;10(12):2006. http://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10122006. PMid:34943109.

Chanapiwat P, Kaeoket K. Cryopreservation of boar semen: where we are. Wetchasan Sattawaphaet. 2020;50(3):283-95. http://doi.org/10.56808/2985-1130.3030.

Chanapiwat P, Kaeoket K. The effect of Cúrcuma longa extracted (curcumin) on the quality of cryopreserved boar semen. Anim Sci J. 2015;86(9):863-8. http://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12395. PMid:26032188.

Chávez-Moreno CK, Tecante A, Casas A. The Opuntia (Cactaceae) and Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in Mexico: a historical perspective of use, interaction and distribution. Biodivers Conserv. 2009;18(13):3337-55. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9647-x.

Contino M, Leonardi C, Genovese C, Scalisi EM, Pecoraro R, Ignoto S, Failla C, Ferruggia G, Salvaggio A, Asero P, Calderaro P, Toscano V, Raccuia SA, Caruso G, Bracchitta G, Brundo MV. Antioxidant activity of two Opuntia Mill. species fruit extracts on human sperm quality after a freeze-thaw cycle. Nat Prod Res. 2023;37(16):2725-31. http://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2022.2124984. PMid:36110058.

De Mercado E, Tomás-Almenar C, Gómez-Izquierdo E. Improvement of the motility of boar sperm after cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci. 2020;222:106610. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106610. PMid:33002661.

Donnelly ET, McClure N, Lewis SE. Antioxidant supplementation in vitro does not improve human sperm motility. Fertil Steril. 1999;72(3):484-95. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00267-8. PMid:10519621.

Du J, Tao J, Kleinhans FW, Peter AT, Critser JK. Determination of boar spermatozoa water volume and osmotic response. Theriogenology. 1994;42(7):1183-91. http://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(94)90867-2. PMid:16727623.

Dubeux JCB Jr, Ferreira-dos Santos MV, Cunha MV, Santos DC, Almeida Souza RT, Leão-de Mello AC, Souza TC. Cactus (Opuntia and Nopalea) nutritive value: a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2021;275:114890. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114890.

Ďuračková Z. Free Radicals and antioxidants for non-experts. In: Laher I, editor. Systems biology of free radicals and antioxidants. Berlin: Springer; 2014. p. 3-38. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_2.

Eliasson R, Treichl L. Supravital staining of human spermatozoa. Fertil Steril. 1971;22(2):134-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)38049-9. PMid:5544373.

El-Mostafa K, El Kharrassi Y, Badreddine A, Andreoletti P, Vamecq J, El Kebbaj MS, Latruffe N, Lizard G, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Nopal cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as a source of bioactive compounds for nutrition, health and disease. Molecules. 2014;19(9):14879-901. http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914879. PMid:25232708.

Evans G, Maxwell W. Salamon’s artificial insemination of sheep and goats. Sydney: Butterworth; 1987. 194 p.

Fuller BJ. Cryoprotectants: the essential antifreezes to protect life in the frozen state. Cryo Letters. 2004;25(6):375-88. PMid:15660165.

Gale I, Gil L, Malo C, Gonzalez N, Martínez F. Effect of Camellia sinensis supplementation and increasing holding time on quality of cryopreserved boar semen. Andrologia. 2015;47(5):505-12. http://doi.org/10.1111/and.12293. PMid:24909203.

García-Herreros M, Barón FJ, Aparicio IM, Santos AJ, García-Marín LJ, Gil MC. Morphometric changes in boar spermatozoa induced by cryopreservation. Int J Androl. 2008;31(5):490-8. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00794.x. PMid:17651399.

Ghallab AM, Shahat AM, Fadl AM, Ayoub MM, Moawad AR. Impact of supplementation of semen extender with antioxidants on the quality of chilled or cryopreserved Arabian stallion spermatozoa. Cryobiology. 2017;79:14-20. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.10.001. PMid:28986135.

Gilmore JA, Du J, Tao J, Peter AT, Critser JK. Osmotic properties of boar spermatozoa and their relevance to cryopreservation. J Reprod Fertil. 1996;107(1):87-95. http://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1070087. PMid:8699439.

Goldstein G, Andrade JL, Nobel PS. Differences in water relations parameters for the chlorenchyma and the parenchyma of Opuntia ficus-indica under wet versus dry conditions. Funct Plant Biol. 1991;18(2):95-107. http://doi.org/10.1071/PP9910095.

Goldstein G, Nobel PS. Water relations and low-temperature acclimation for cactus species varying in freezing tolerance. Plant Physiol. 1994;104(2):675-81. http://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.2.675. PMid:12232118.

Gómez-Fernández J, Gomez-Izquierdo E, Tomas C, Moce E, de Mercado E. Effect of different monosaccharides and disaccharides on boar sperm quality after cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci. 2012;133(1-2):109-16. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.06.010. PMid:22771077.

Hancock JL. The morphology of boar spermatozoa. J R Microsc Soc. 1957;76(3):84-97. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1956.tb00443.x. PMid:13476430.

He WH, Zhai XH, Duan XJ, Di HS. Effect of resveratrol treatment on apoptosis and apoptotic pathways during boar semen freezing. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020;21(6):485-94. http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1900520. PMid:32478494.

Healey P. Effect of freezing on the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of some domestic animals. J Reprod Fertil. 1969;18(1):21-7. http://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0180021. PMid:5791680.

Hernández-Becerra E, de los Angeles Aguilera-Barreiro M, Contreras-Padilla M, Pérez-Torrero E, Rodriguez-Garcia ME. Nopal cladodes (Opuntia ficus indica): nutritional properties and functional potential. J Funct Foods. 2022;95:105183. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105183.

Hfaiedh M, Brahmi D, Zourgui L. Protective role of cactus cladodes extract on sodium dichromate-induced testicular injury and oxidative stress in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;159(1-3):304-11. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9969-8. PMid:24752970.

Holt W. Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;62(1-3):3-22. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00152-4. PMid:10924818.

Hussein Banana HJ, Neamah HJ, Saieed AY. Evaluation of adding aqueous extract of Opuntia ficus indica leaves to tris extender on the criteria of Awassi rams semen stored at cooling. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2021;15(3):3164-9. http://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15790.

Jovičić M, Chmelíková E, Sedmíková M. Cryopreservation of boar semen. Czech J Anim Sci. 2020;65(4):115-23. http://doi.org/10.17221/47/2020-CJAS.

Kaeoket K, Chanapiwat P. The beneficial effect of resveratrol on the quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm. Animals. 2023;13(18):2829. http://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182829. PMid:37760229.

Kim BG, Ham HB, Kim SH, Son JH, Chung KH. Assessing the use of 5 mL straws in the cryopreservation of boar semen. J Life Sci. 2020;30(1):77-81. http://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2020.30.1.77.

Kondracki S, Wysokińska A, Kania M, Górski K. Application of two staining methods for sperm morphometric evaluation in domestic pigs. J Vet Res. 2017;61(3):345-9. http://doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0045. PMid:29978093.

Kruger TF, Menkveld R, Stander FSH, Lombard CJ, Van der Merwe JP, van Zyl JA, Smith K. Sperm morphologic features as a prognostic factor in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 1986;46(6):1118-23. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)49891-2. PMid:2946611.

Labra M, Grassi F, Bardini M, Imazio S, Guiggi A, Citterio S, Banfi E, Sgorbati S. Genetic relationships in Opuntia Mill. genus (Cactaceae) detected by molecular marker. Plant Sci. 2003;165(5):1129-36. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00321-2.

Lechniak D, Kedzierski A, Stanislawski D. The use of HOS test to evaluate membrane functionality of boar sperm capacitated in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim. 2002;37(6):379-80. http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2002.t01-1-00381.x. PMid:12464079.

Lee SH, Lee S. Effects of melatonin and silymarin on reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production, and sperm viability and motility during sperm freezing in pigs. Animals. 2023;13(10):1705. http://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101705. PMid:37238134.

Luño V, Gil L, Olaciregui M, Jerez RA, de Blas I, Hozbor F. Antioxidant effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and mate tea (Ilex paraguensys) on quality, lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation of cryopreserved boar epididymal spermatozoa. Andrologia. 2015;47(9):1004-11. http://doi.org/10.1111/and.12370. PMid:25382606.

Maes D, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Rijsselaere T, Vyt P, Van Soom A. Artificial insemination in pigs. In: Manafi M, editor. Artificial insemination in farm animals. Croatia: InTech; 2011. p. 95-114. http://doi.org/10.5772/16592.

Majzoub A, Agarwal A. Antioxidants in sperm cryopreservation. In: Parekattil SJ, Esteves SC, Agarwal A, editors. Male infertility: contemporary clinical approaches, andrology, ART and antioxidants. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 671-8. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4_54.

Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Martínez F, Galé I. Antioxidant effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on boar epididymal spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Theriogenology. 2011;75(9):1735-41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.01.013. PMid:21333349.

Malo C, Gil L, Cano R, Gonzalez N, Luno V. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) provides antioxidant protection for boar semen cryopreservation. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):710-5. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01254.x. PMid:22106928.

Martins M, Ribeiro MH, Almeida CMM. Physicochemical, nutritional, and medicinal properties of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. and its main agro-industrial use: a review. Plants. 2023;12(7):1512. http://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071512. PMid:37050137.

McNamara KA, Knox RV. Effect of using frozen-thawed boar sperm differing in post-thaw motility in the first and second inseminations on pregnancy establishment, litter size, and fetal paternity in relation to time of ovulation. J Anim Sci. 2013;91(12):5637-45. http://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6867. PMid:24167000.

Meamar M, Zribi N, Cambi M, Tamburrino L, Marchiani S, Filimberti E, Fino MG, Biggeri A, Menezo Y, Forti G, Baldi E, Muratori M. Sperm DNA frag-mentation induced by cryopreservation: new insights and effect of a natural extract from Opuntia ficus-indica. Fertil Steril. 2012;98(2):326-33. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.001. PMid:22633258.

México. Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-062-ZOO-1999. Especificaciones técnicas para la producción, cuidado y uso de los animales de laboratorio. Diario Oficial [Internet]; México; 22 agosto 2001 [cited 2022 Oct 25]. Available from: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/203498/NOM-062-ZOO-1999_220801.pdf

Montont A, Gil L, Malo C, Olaciregui M, Gonzalez N, de Blas I. Sage (Salvia officinalis) and fennel (Foenicu-lum vulgare) improve cryopreserved boar epididymal semen quality study. Cryo Lett. 2015;36(2):83-90.

Nicolas M, Alvarez M, Anel E, Martínez F, Borragán S, Martínez-Pastor F, Paz P, Anel L. Spermatozoa recovery and post-thawing quality of brown bear ejaculates is affected for centrifugation regimes. Eur J Wildl Res. 2011;58(1):77-84. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0544-8.

Nuzhyna N, Baglay K, Golubenko A, Lushchak O. Anatomically distinct representatives of Cactaceae Juss. family have different response to acute heat shock stress. Flora. 2018;242:137-45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2018.03.014.

Oldenhof H, Wolkers WF, Sieme H. Cryopreservation of semen from domestic livestock: bovine, equine, and porcine sperm. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2180:365-77. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_15. PMid:32797421.

Parks JE, Lynch DV. Lipid composition and thermotropic phase behavior of boar, bull, stallion, and rooster sperm membranes. Cryobiology. 1992;29(2):255-66. http://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(92)90024-V. PMid:1582232.

Pérez-Llano B, Lorenzo JL, Yenes P, Trejo A, García-Casado PA. Short hypoosmotic swelling test for the prediction of boar sperm fertility. Theriogenology. 2001;56(3):387-98. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00571-4. PMid:11516119.

Pesch S, Bergmann M. Structure of mammalian spermatozoa in respect to viability, fertility and cryopreservation. Micron. 2006;37(7):597-612. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2006.02.006. PMid:16621580.

Pezo F, Romero F, Zambrano F, Sánchez RS. Preservation of boar semen: an update. Reprod Domest Anim. 2019;54(3):423-34. http://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13389. PMid:30536928.

Pezo F, Yeste M, Zambrano F, Uribe P, Risopatrón J, Sánchez R. Antioxidants and their effect on the oxidative/nitrosative stress of frozen-thawed boar sperm. Cryobiology. 2021;98:5-11. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.007. PMid:33248047.

Přinosilová P, Kopecká V, Hlavicová J, Kunetková M. Modified hypoosmotic swelling test for the assessment of boar and bull sperm sensitivity to cryopreservation. Acta Vet Brno. 2014;83(4):313-9. http://doi.org/10.2754/avb201483040313.

Procacci S, Bojórquez-Quintal E, Platamone G, Maccioni O, Vecchio V, Morreale V, Alisi C, Balducchi R, Bacchetta L. Opuntia ficus-indica pruning waste recycling: recovery and characterization of mucilage from cladodes. Nat Resour. 2021;12(4):91-107. http://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2021.124008.

Qian L, Yu S, Zhou Y. Protective effect of hyaluronic acid on cryopreserved boar sperm. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;87:287-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.075. PMid:26944660.

Rasouli M. Basic concepts and practical equations on osmolality: biochemical approach. Clin Biochem. 2016;49(12):936-41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.06.001. PMid:27343561.

Ratchamak R, Ratsiri T, Kheawkanha T, Vongpralub T, Boonkum W, Chankitisakul V. Evaluation of cryo-preserved boar semen after supplementation sericin form silkworm (Bombyx mori) in semen extender. Anim Sci J. 2020;91(1):e13428. http://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13428. PMid:32677083.

Ricci G, Perticarari S, Boscolo R, Montico M, Guaschino S, Presani G. Semen preparation methods and sperm apoptosis: swim-up versus gradient-density centrifugation technique. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(2):632-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.068. PMid:18206147.

Roca J, Hernández M, Carvajal G, Vázquez JM, Martínez EA. Factors influencing boar sperm cryosurvival. J Anim Sci. 2006;84(10):2692-9. http://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-094. PMid:16971570.

Rodríguez-Martínez H, Wallgren M. Advances in boar semen cryopreservation. Vet Med Int. 2010;2011:1-5. http://doi.org/10.4061/2011/396181. PMid:20871820.

Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E. Plant extracts as alternative additives for sperm preservation. Antioxidants. 2021;10(5):772. http://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050772. PMid:34068069.

Salamon S, Maxwell WMC. Storage of ram semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;62(1-3):77-111. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00155-X. PMid:10924821.

SAS Institute. SAS/STAT® 15.1 user’s guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 2018.

Senewiratne NL, Woodall A, Can AS. Sodium bicarbonate [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2022 Oct 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559139/

Sepúlveda ESCAE, Sáenz C, Aliaga E, Aceituno C. Extraction and characterization of mucilage in Opuntia spp. J Arid Environ. 2007;68(4):534-45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.08.001.

Shen T, Jiang ZL, Liu H, Li QW. Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides on boar spermatozoa during freezing-thawing. Anim Reprod Sci. 2015;159:25-30. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.003. PMid:26077771.

Smith MF, Geisert RD, Parrish JJ. Reproduction in domestic ruminants during the past 50 yr: discovery to application. J Anim Sci. 2018;96(7):2952-70. http://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky139. PMid:29684167.

Stintzing FC, Carle R. Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): a review on their chemistry, technology and uses. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2005;49(2):175-94. http://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200400071. PMid:15729672.

Suwimonteerabutr J, Nuntapaitoon M, Tummaruk P. Determination of the optimal concentration of minitube equex paste for boar semen cryopreservation based on sperm motility characteristics. Vet Stn. 2021;52(3):285-95. http://doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.3.8.

Tomás C, Blanch E, Hernández M, Gil MA, Roca J, Vázquez JM, Martínez EA, Mocé E. Treating boar sperm with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins widens the sperm osmotic tolerance limits and enhances the in vitro sperm fertilising ability. Anim Reprod Sci. 2011;129(3-4):209-20. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.12.003. PMid:22218105.

Torres MA, Monteiro MS, Passarelli MS, Papa FO, Dell’Aqua JA Jr, Alvarenga MA, Martins SMMK, Andrade AF. The ideal holding time for boar semen is 24 h at 17 C prior to short-cryopreservation protocols. Cryobiology. 2019;86:58-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.12.004. PMid:30557556.

Trachtenberg S, Mayer AM. Composition and properties of Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage. Phytochemistry. 1981;20(12):2665-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85263-6.

Uysal O, Bucak MN. Effects of oxidized glutathione, bovine serum albumin, cysteine and lycopene on the quality of frozen-thawed ram semen. Acta Vet Brno. 2007;76(3):383-90. http://doi.org/10.2754/avb200776030383.

Vazquez JM, Martinez EA, Martinez P, Garcia-Artiga C, Roca J. Hypoosmotic swelling of boar spermatozoa compared to other methods for analysing the sperm membrane. Theriogenology. 1997;47(4):913-22. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00046-0. PMid:16728040.

Waberski D, Riesenbeck A, Schulze M, Weitze KF, Johnson L. Application of preserved boar semen for artificial insemination: past, present, and future challenges. Theriogenology. 2019;137:2-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.030. PMid:31186127.

Yanagimachi R. Mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: where does it begin before fertilization? Biol Reprod. 2011;85(1):4-5. http://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.092601. PMid:21490244.

Yánez-Ortiz I, Catalán J, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Miró J, Yeste M. Advances in sperm cryopreservation in farm animals: cattle, horse, pig and sheep. Anim Reprod Sci. 2022;246:106904. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106904. PMid:34887155.

Yániz JL, Soler C, Santolaria P. Computer assisted sperm morphometry in mammals: a review. Anim Reprod Sci. 2015;156:1-12. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.002. PMid:25802026.

Yeste M, Estrada E, Casas I, Bonet S, Rodríguez-Gil JE. Good and bad freezability boar ejaculates differ in the integrity of nucleoprotein structure after freeze-thawing but not in ROS levels. Theriogenology. 2013;79(6):929-39. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.008. PMid:23398739.

Yeste M. Recent advances in boar sperm cryopreservation: state of the art and current perspectives. Reprod Domest Anim. 2015;50(Suppl 2):71-9. http://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12569. PMid:26174922.

Yeste M. Sperm cryopreservation update: Cryodamage, markers, and factors affecting the sperm freezability in pigs. Theriogenology. 2016;85(1):47-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.047. PMid:26506124.

Yeste M. State-of-the-art of boar sperm preservation in liquid and frozen state. Anim Reprod. 2017;14(1):69-81. http://doi.org/10.21451/1984-3143-AR895.

Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xia W, Wu H, Yao K, Liu H, Xiong C. Effect of pre-freezing conditions on the progressive motility recovery rate of human frozen spermatozoa. Andrologia. 2012;44(5):343-8. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01289.x. PMid:22404132.

Zhang Y, Yuan W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liang H, Xu Q, Liu Z, Weng X. Plasma membrane lipid composition and metabolomics analysis of Yorkshire boar sperms with high and low resistance to cryopreservation. Theriogenology. 2023;206:28-39. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.016. PMid:37178672.

Zhu ZJ, Zhai J, Hu JL, Wang YZ, Chen W, Liu F, Huang YH, Li Z. Cryopiece, a novel carrier with faster cooling rate, high recovery rate and retrieval rate, for individual sperm cryopreservation. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(3):1121-32. http://doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-1080. PMid:33850747.